Important Bird Area Mapping for Audubon Arizona

2 year internship starting from concept and finishing with a map book highlighting the Important Bird Areas in Arizona.  I was interviewed about the internship, please read about the opportunity in an article here.  In addition, my capstone for my Certification in Geospatial Technologies analyzed the species of greatest concern using spatial statistics technique of Regression Analysis to find gaps  in protection.  This analysis was used to locate where Audubon Arizona should be focusing on to add necessary Important Bird Area sites.  The data was based on bird distributions for species of greatest concern.   Bird distribution data from Arizona Game and Fish was used for the analytics .  Read more about AZ’s Important Bird Area program here.

Our Draft report below:

 

 

 

Assessment of Conservation Priority for Arizona IBAs:

Bird Conservation Planning Using Geospatial Analysis and Threats Scoring Criteria

 

 

 

 

 

A Draft Report of the

Important Bird Areas Program

Audubon Arizona

 

 

by

Tice Supplee, Director of Bird Conservation

Lindsey Hendricks, GIS Analyst

Jennie MacFarland, IBA Coordinator

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Draft date July 30, 2012

****DRAFT CURRENTLY IN REVIEW, NOT FOR CIRCULATION****

 

Abstract

 

Important Bird Areas are sites that provide essential habitat for one or more species of bird. IBAs include sites for breeding, wintering, and/or migrating birds. IBAs may be a few acres or thousands of acres, but usually they are discrete sites that stand out from the surrounding landscape. IBAs may include private or public lands, or both, and they may be protected or unprotected.

 

Important Bird Areas Assessment is a key component of any conservation strategy since it is the method by which we track Important Bird Areas. The IBA assessment approach focuses on three essential elements – (1) conservation targets (birds & habitats), (2) threats (scope, severity, permanence), and (3) conservation activity (designation, planning, actions).

 

 

Audubon in Arizona has identified 42 Important Bird Areas over a ten year period. Of these eight have been given Global priority by National Audubon Society and 7 additional Arizona Important Bird Areas are being considered for global designation. Two additional sites will be evaluated by our IBA Science Committee in the fall of 2012 and we anticipate 2-3 additional sites in our list of 48 remaining potential areas will be considered in the next 2-3 years.

 

In order to provide a holistic, landscape view of the IBA process, we developed a spatial modeling approach that evaluates both priority habitats and distribution of bird Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) identified in the Arizona Game and Fish Department State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP).  Our model is based on breeding bird distribution as mapped in the Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas (Corman and Gervais-Wise 2004) and land cover data from the Southwest ReGAP Program a division of the National Gap Analysis Program – “Gap analysis” refers to a specific, stepwise method of assessing and mapping the level of biodiversity protection for a given area.  The SGCN and habitats analysis for Arizona IBAs was completed by students enrolled in the Mesa Community College Geospatial Analysis certification program. Further refinement of these products will continue, beginning with those IBAs ranked as highest priority through an Arizona priority ranking analysis using these models and other inputs related to level of protection, threats and opportunities.

 

Each Important  Bird Area was also “Scored” based upon the following criteria: presence of threats to the habitats or focal bird species, qualification of the IBA for Global or Continental importance, presence of unique habitats and/or assemblages of species groups (waterfowl, waterbirds, shorebirds, migrants, raptors, biome restricted assemblages), level of land protection, and capacity for conservation and monitoring activities.

 

Introduction

 

Arizona Game and Fish Department developed a scoring criterion for species occurring in the state to rank them into tiers of conservation importance. The resulting list are Arizona Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) presented in three Tiers and the top Tier 1 further split into “a” and “b”. National Audubon Society has identified species of birds at a global and continental scale that are in need of conservation attention and protection. These species are periodically updated into a Red and Yellow WatchList using trend data from Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Christmas Bird Counts (CBC).  There is a high level of overlap between the two lists, although there are some species given priority by Arizona Game and Fish Department that are not on the Audubon Watchlist and the reverse.   An approach for this project is to quantify Audubon WatchList species priorities at IBAs through the Global and Continental identification of IBAs. Appendix A. presents the list of Arizona SGCN and WatchList bird species that are considered for qualifying a site as an Arizona Important Bird Area. An objective of this project was to complete a spatial assessment that focused on identifying those IBAs that offer habitats for Arizona State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP) Tier 1a and Tier 1b avian species.

 

 

The Arizona Bird Conservation Initiative has identified habitats of highest ecological importance for avian conservation in Arizona. The members of the Arizona Important Bird Area Science Committee agreed in October, 2012 that Arizona IBAs should be ranked in relative priority based upon the percent occurrence of these habitat types within the IBA. A second objective of this project was to calculate the percentage of each Arizona IBA that was composed of the following habitats: riparian, wetlands and associated open water, montane mixed conifer forest, sub-alpine conifer forest (aspen, spruce and fir), grasslands (plains, Great Basin, semi-desert, sub-alpine), Madrean pine and oak woodlands and savannahs, and Sonoran desert).

 

One of the global IBA criteria established and implemented worldwide by BirdLife International pertains to biome-restricted species assemblages.  Through this criterion, IBAs are identified if a site is known or thought to hold a significant component of the group of species whose distributions are largely or wholly confined to one global biome (applies to groups of species with distributions of > 50,000km², which occur mostly or wholly within all or part of a particular biome and are of global importance).  This criterion relates to sites that support groups of species that may be common within the planning area (e.g. country), but are not widespread outside of the planning area.  These species can be thought of as those for which the planning unit has responsibility for their long-term conservation.  Applying this criterion at geographic scales smaller than the global scale requires stepping down to scale-appropriate components of the criterion.  In North America, North American Bird Conservation Initiative’s Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs; http://www.nabci-us.org/) are used as surrogates for global biomes.  BCRs are ecological units derived for the purpose of planning and implementing bird conservation in North America; portions of four BCRs comprise Arizona (see Figure 1).

 

Important Bird Areas (IBA) Assessment

Initially, Important Bird Areas are selected as based on the particular species of bird(s) and the number(s) of individuals that occur at the site.  As part of this identification process, data are compiled about the habitats, threats, landuse, and ownership of the site. These data provide an initial snapshot of the quality of the site and allow decisions to be made about the site’s merit as an Important Bird Area. While these data are critical in making the initial determination of a site’s status, for the long term conservation and management of the Important Bird Area the birds, habitat, threats and other site characteristics need to be periodically evaluated.

 

Figure 1. The four Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs) of Arizona

 

The data resulting from the assessment process can then be applied to conservation decision making. IBA Assessment data are used not just to determine what conservation actions may be appropriate to take, but also in evaluating the success of previously taken conservation actions. The Arizona Important Bird Area spatial analysis and assessment serves as an initial baseline for future evaluation of conservation accomplishments and status of sites identified as important for the conservation of birds in Arizona.

 

 

Methodology

 

Overall Goal and Objectives

 

Overall goal:  Identify the most important identified IBAs in Arizona for Conservation

 

Objective 1a:  Analyze the Breeding Bird Atlas SGCN Tier 1a and Tier 1b overlay with the 42  Arizona identified IBAs

1. Develop GIS analysis for each Tier 1a and Tier 1b avian SGCN
2. Develop GIS analysis layer for identified Arizona IBAs,
3. Create and apply ranking system to combine information from a and b.

 

Objective 1b:   Score all IBAs for the number of Tier 1a and Tier 1b species that occur at each IBA and have additional state qualifying criteria for species assemblages of state significance including concentrations of species (raptors, waterbirds, waterfowl, and migration bottlenecks).

1. State Tier 1a Species: 3 points per species
2. State Tier 1b Species: 1 point per species
3. Species Assemblage (Sonoran desert species, hummingbirds, warblers) and Species Concentration (raptors, waterfowl, waterbirds, and migration bottlenecks) : 2 points each

 

Objective 2:  Analyze the percent presence of priority vegetation and habitat types using vegetation coverage from Southwest ReGap as edited by the Arizona Game and Fish Department. The vegetation types identified as priority for avian species in Arizona are: Riparian, Marsh, Wetlands, Aspen, All grasslands, Madrean oak woodlands, Upper and lower Sonoran desert, and both Montane and Subalpine conifer forests. Scores are assigned to each IBA from 1-5 based on percent of these habitats represented within the IBA.

1. Develop vegetation community maps for each of the 42 Arizona IBAs.
2. Create and apply a vegetation community ranking system

 

Objective 3: Score each identified Arizona IBA for threat vulnerability, Global and Continental Watch List bird species importance, level of land protection, and current capacity for conservation and monitoring activities.

1. Score each IBA for threats vulnerability levels
2. Score each IBA for Global and Continental species values
3. Score each IBA for level of land protection
4. Score each IBA for conservation and monitoring capacity

 

1. Each IBA was scored by evaluating the level of identified threat using Conservation Open Standards analysis looking at three factors; scope of threat – is it pervasive throughout the IBA or limited to a portion of the IBA; intensity of the threat – are the impacts minor or severe; reversibility of the threat – if abatement action is taken can the threat be easily reversed.  A value could also be assigned to identified future threats related to the immediacy of the threat – is it likely to occur in the short term or at a more distant unknown time.

Threat Scores: High impact: score 8–12; Medium impact: score 6–7; Low impact: score 3–5. High impact threats were multiplied by 3 times and Moderate impact threats were multiplied by 2 times.

 

1. Global and Continental IBAs were scored the same at 5 points for the designation and 2 extra points for each additional global or continental qualifying species.  Both currently recognized global and continental IBAs and nominated IBAs entered into the National Audubon Society database were scored under these criteria.  IBAs that have both a global and continental designation were assigned 10 points. Details about the qualifying criteria for the named species are located in Appendix XXX.

 Global Designation: IBA has sufficient population of the following qualifying species: California Condor, Black Rail, Spotted Owl, Pinyon Jay, Bell’s Vireo, Bendire’s Thrasher, Chestnut-collared Longspur and concentrations of Yuma Clapper Rail, Sandhill Crane, Neotropic Cormorant, Clark’s Grebe.

Continental  Designation: IBA has sufficient population of the following qualifying species: Scaled Quail, Montezuma Quail, Clark’s grebe, Yuma Clapper Rail, Long-billed Curlew, Elf Owl, , Blue-throated Hummingbird, Costa’s Hummingbird, Rufous Hummingbird, Elegant Trogon, Lewis’s Woodpecker, Arizona Woodpecker, Gilded Flicker, Willow Flycatcher, Mexican Chickadee, LeConte’s Thrasher, Virginia’s Warbler, Lucy’s Warbler, Grace’s Warbler, red-faced Warbler, Abert’s Towhee, Rufous-winged Sparrow, Brewer’s Sparrow, Black-chinned Sparrow, Lark Bunting, McGowan’s Longspur.

 

1. Protection Level Scoring (Low numbers equal high level of protection): 1= National Park, Preserve (State or Private), National Wildlife Refuge; 2=National Monument, National Conservation Area, Wilderness Area, State Wildlife Area, Conservation Easement; 3=State, County, City Parks, USFS, BLM, DofD, Tribal and Communal Lands with designated management for natural resources; 4=State Trust Lands, Private Lands, Tribal and Communal Lands; 5=lands identified for development.

 

1. Stewardship and/or monitoring was assigned scores of 1=very low capacity where there is no current monitoring and poor eBird coverage; 2=medium capacity with available data sources from eBird, CBC, or other structured surveys (marshbirds, sandhill cranes, winter waterfowl, agency surveys); 3=high capacity with an active Audubon or Friends group conducting IBA avian surveys, University or agency research or inventory,  or high quality contributing data to eBird.

 

                                                                                                                       

Study Area

 

The study area of this project was the 42 identified Important Bird Areas in the state of Arizona as of January 2012.

 

Methods

 

Data & Software Overview:

 

• BCR – Bird Conservation Region

 North American Bird Conservation Initiative

• ArcView Data – Vector

 

 

• SWReGap – Southwest Regional Gap Analysis – USGS
  • Landcover
    • ArcView Data – Raster
      • Project to UTM Zone 12 N, meters
    • Stewardship
      • ArcView Data – Vector
        • Project to UTM Zone 12 N, meters

 

• Audubon Arizona Important Bird Area – Audubon AZ & MCC
  • ArcView Data – Vector
    • Vegetation
    • Rivers
    • Elevation
    • Roads
    • County
  • BBA – Breeding Bird Atlas –

AZ Game & Fish

• Access Database, without Native American lands
• Join with quads

 

IBA Priority Scores are relative to each other. Scores include favoring sites with existing stewardship and monitoring capacities (up to 3 additional points). The highest scoring IBAs are sites with best combination of factors for focused conservation work. IBAs Highlighted in Gray have a current commitment of IBA Program Resources.

 

 

 

 

Table 1. Assemblages of responsibility species for priority habitat types within Arizona Bird Conservation Regions (BCRs)

Southern Rockies/Colorado Plateau     (BCR 16) Southern Rockies	Sonoran and Mohave Deserts (BCR 33) Sonoran & Mohave	Sierra Madre Occidental (BCR 34) Madrean	Sierra Madre Occidental (BCR 34) Continued
Forest Dusky Grouse Northern Goshawk Golden Eagle Mexican Spotted Owl Northern Pygmy Owl Lewis’s Woodpecker Gray Jay Olive-sided Flycatcher MacGillivray’s Warbler Red-faced Warbler Olive-sided Flycatcher MacGillivray’s Warbler Evening Grosbeak Pine Grosbeak   Aspen Cavity nesting assemblage   Grassland Mountain Plover Ferruginous Hawk Western Burrowing Owl Common Nighthawk Savannah Sparrow   Riparian Woodland and Streams SW Willow Flycatcher Pacific Wren American Dipper Black-billed Magpie Swainson’s Thrush Lincoln’s Sparrow   Wetland and Open Water Bald Eagle Peregrine Falcon American Bittern	Sonoran Desert Golden Eagle Snowy Plover Gila Woodpecker Gilded Flicker Elf Owl Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy Owl Western Burrowing Owl Black-capped Gnatcatcher Desert Purple Martin LeConte’s Thrasher Rufous-winged Sparrow   Grassland Cassin’s Sparrow Rufous-winged Sparrow (semi-desert grasslands)   Riparian Woodland Bald Eagle Mississippi Kite Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo Broad-billed Hummingbird Thick-billed Kingbird SW Willow Flycatcher Bell’s Vireo Yellow Warbler Lucy’s Warbler Abert’s Towhee   Wetland and Open Water Clark’s Grebe Peregrine Falcon California Black Rail Yuma Clapper Rail Long-billed Curlew Sandhill Crane Sprague’s Pipit (winter)	Forest Northern Goshawk (Apache) Golden Eagle Northern Pygmy Owl Mexican Spotted Owl Magnificent Hummingbird Olive-sided Flycatcher MacGillivray’s Warbler Red-faced Warbler Olive-sided Flycatcher MacGillivray’s Warbler Yellow-eyed Junco Evening Grosbeak   Aspen Cavity nesting assemblage   Grassland Scaled Quail Masked Bobwhite Quail Western Burrowing Owl Common Nighthawk Azure Bluebird Chestnut-collared Longspur (winter) McGowan’s Longspur (winter) Brewer’s Sparrow (winter) Arizona Botteri’s Sparrow Arizona Grasshopper Sparrow Western Grasshopper Sparrow   Riparian Woodland Violet-crowned Hummingbird Elegant Trogon Broad-billed Hummingbird Blue-throated Hummingbird Thick-billed Kingbird SW Willow Flycatcher Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Rose-throated Becard Bell’s Vireo Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo Swainson’s Thrush Gray Catbird Yellow Warbler Lucy’s Warbler	Madrean Oak Woodland Montezuma Quail Gould’s Turkey Mexican Spotted Owl Whiskered Screech Owl Common Nighthawk Mexican Whip-poor-will Buff-collared Nightjar Magnificent Hummingbird Blue-throated Hummingbird Arizona Woodpecker Dusky-capped Flycatcher Buff-breasted Flycatcher Mexican Chickadee Five-stripped Sparrow   Wetland and Open Water Wood Duck Sandhill Crane Sprague’s Pipit (winter)   Chihuahuan Desert  (BCR 35)   Grassland Scaled Quail Western Burrowing Owl Azure Bluebird Chestnut-collared Longspur (winter) McGowan’s Longspur (winter) Brewer’s Sparrow (winter) Arizona Botteri’s Sparrow

Because some Species of greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) are relatively common in Arizona, we were not looking to score an IBA at every site where a SGCN occurs.  Rather, we took a reserve design approach and sought to identify IBAs where high priority identified habitats supporting SGCN occurred at significant percentages. A scoring and ranking system was developed using the calculated percentage of priority habitats occurring in each IBA.  We defined “most important” as sites with the largest, most intact (e.g. least fragmented) patches of habitat that support the highest richness of responsibility species comprising each assemblage and with the greatest chance of long-term protection.

 

References

 

Boykin, K.G., L. Langs, J.Lowry, D. Schrupp, D. Bradford, L. O’Brien, K. Thomas, C. Drost, A. Ernst, W. Kepner, J. Prior-Magee, D. Ramsey, W. Rieth, T.Sajwaj,  K. Schulz, B. C. Thompson.  2007. Analysis based on Stewardship and Management Status. Chapter 5 in J.S. Prior-Magee, ed. Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Final Report. U.S. Geological Survey, Gap Analysis Program, Moscow, ID. Available on-line at: http://fws-nmcfwru.nmsu.edu/swregap/.

 

Brown, Dave. 1994.  Biotic Communities:  Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico.  University of Utah Press,  Salt Lake City.

 

Burger, M., Halperin, J., Liner, J., Draft 2004.  Identification of IBAs:  Bird Consevation Planning Using GAP Analysis Data. Audubon New York.

 

Corman, T., Latta, M., & Beardmore, C. 1999. Arizona Partners in Flight Bird Conservation Plan. Technical Report 142.  Nongame and Endangered Species Program, Arizona Game and Fish Department.  Available on-line at: http://www.azgfd.gov/pdfs/w_c/partners_flight/APIF%20Conservation%20Plan.1999.Final.pdf

 

Esri. 1999. Environmental Systems Research Institute.  Redlands, CA.

 

 

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).  1980.  World conservation strategy: living resource conservation for sustainable development.  IUCN-UNEP-WWF. Gland, Switzerland.

 

Liner, Jillian.  Summer 2004. Audubon Uses GIS to Identify Important Bird Areas in New York State.  ESRI, ArcNews Online. Available on-line at:  http://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/summer04articles/audubon-uses.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix A. Data sources.

 

Dataset	Originator	Publication date	Title	Acquired from	Type	Projection
Arizona-GAP land cover				USGS	Raster	UTM Zone 18 north, meters
AZ-GAP species distributions				USGS	Raster	same
SW-GAP stewardship lands		Jan. 2001		USGS	Vector	same
SW-GAP Ecozone Coverage				USGS	Vector	same
Arizona Wildlife Habitat Fragmentation	Arizona Game and Fish Department	June 1999	NYS Route System	AGFD HabiMap	Vector	same
Important Bird Areas	Audubon Arizona	June 2012	Important Bird Areas of Arizona	Audubon Arizona	Vector	same

 

 

 

Appendix B. Flowchart of data analysis.

Landscape level

 

 

Index ranking (ordinal scale) of GIS Data, based on Tabular Data

Tabular Data

Flowchart key

GIS Dataset

 

 

Patch level

 

 

 

 

Appendix C. Ecoregional stratification of potential Important Bird Area Hot Block assessment.

 

Hectares is the area of assemblage habitat within each ecoregion.

% of Grand total is the ecoregion habitat hectares divided by the Grand Total.

Ecoregions with % of Grand total not in bold were dismissed from further analysis.

** Bird Conservation Region and ecoregion boundaries do not always coincide. Therefore, some

ecoregions were fragmented by the BCR boundaries and had relatively little area. In BCR 13, the

St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, and northern portions of the Adirondack ecoregion were joined

together to make one ecoregion we termed the ‘Northern Tier’.

 

BCR 28  Shrub	Appalachian Plateau	Catskill Mountains	Hudson Valley	Lower Hudson	Mohawk/Black River Valley	Grand Total
Hectares	438,256	23,397	16,482	1,408	757	480,302
% of Grand total	0.91	0.05	0.03	< 0.01	< 0.01
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)	138,701
% Habitat in Hot Blocks	0.32
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs	2,700

 

BCR 28 Grassland	Appalachian Plateau	Catskill Mountains	Hudson Valley	Lower Hudson	Mohawk/Black River Valley	Grand Total
Hectares	730,264	66,001	44,119	2,831	3,339	846,556
% of Grand total	0.86	0.08	0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)	207,136
% Habitat in Hot Blocks	0.28
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs	0

 

BCR 28 Forest	Appalachian Plateau	Catskill Mountains	Hudson Valley	Lower Hudson	Mohawk/Black River Valley	Grand Total
Hectares	1,545,242	757,906	219,198	122,301	3,071	2,647,720
% of Grand total	0.58	0.29	0.08	0.05	< 0.01
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)	452,783	464,102
% Habitat in Hot Blocks	0.29	0.61
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs	26,559	18,230	28,852	12,706

 

BCR 13 Shrub	Appalachian Plateau	Great Lakes Plain/SW Tug Hill	Hudson Valley	Northern Tier	Mohawk/Black River Valley	Grand Total
Hectares	249,166	533,475	11,652	295,491	93,472	1,183,258
% of Grand total	0.21	0.45	0.01	0.25	0.08
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)	79,178	264,742
% Habitat in Hot Blocks	0.31	0.50
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs	2,050	23,400		43,463

 

 

 

 

 

 

BCR 13 Grassland	Appalachian Plateau	Great Lakes Plain/SW Tug Hill	Hudson Valley/ Catskills	Northern Tier	Mohawk/Black River Valley	Grand Total
Hectares	432,825	930,181	124,297	219,038	263,370	1,969,712
% of Grand total	0.22	0.47	0.06	0.11	0.13
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)	130,808	401,055		52,756	81,059
% Habitat in Hot Blocks	0.30	0.43		0.24	0.31
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs	0.00	26,205.93		21,471	0.00

 

 

BCR 13 Forest	Appalachian Plateau	Great Lakes Plain/SW Tug Hill	Hudson Valley/ Catskills	Northern tier	Mohawk/Black River Valley	Grand Total
Hectares	441,925	616,030	587,250	466,476	372,342	2,484,023
% of Grand total	0.18	0.24	0.23	0.18	0.15
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)	174,382	261,654	430,057	159,330	152,126
% Habitat in Hot Blocks	0.39	0.43	0.73	0.34	0.43
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs	2,733	0	12,614	23,390	0

 

 

BCR 14 Forest	Adiron-dacks	Great Lakes Plain	Hudson Valley	Lake Champlain	Mohawk/Black River Valley	St. Law-rence	Tug Hill	Grand Total
Hectares	2,146,546	7,791	119,807	38,428	22,194	2	243,381	2,578,150
% of Grand total	0.83	< 0.01	0.05	0.01	0.01	< 0.01	0.09
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)	878,269						243,381
% Habitat in Hot Blocks	0.41						100.00
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs	123,965						3,000

 

 

BCR 30 Forest	Lower Hudson	Coastal Lowlands	Grand Total
Total hectares	67,733	93,022	160,755
% of Grand total	0.42	0.58
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)	30,998	17,334
% Habitat in Hot Blocks	0.46	0.19
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs	1,505	12,030

 

BCR 30 Shrub	Lower Hudson	Coastal Lowlands	Grand Total
Total hectares	2,416	105,851	108,268
% of Grand total	0.02	0.98
Habitat in Hot Blocks (ha)		61,453
% Habitat in Hot Blocks		0.58
Habitat in Hot Block IBAs		38,367

 

Appendix D. Complementarity Assessment

 

Percentages are the percent of a species’ predicted breeding distribution within

all potential IBA sites of the particular ecoregion.

 

BCR 28 Shrub	Appalachian Plateau
	American Woodcock	limited habitat 697 ha (9%)
	Whip-poor-will*	limited habitat 113 ha (1%)
BCR 28 Grass	Appalachian Plateau
	all species
BCR 28 Forest	Lower Hudson
	Black-throated Blue Warbler	not predicted in Lower Hudson
	Hudson Valley
	Black-throated Blue Warbler	not predicted in Hudson Valley
	Hooded Warbler	not predicted in Hudson Valley
	Worm-eating Warbler*	not predicted in Hudson Valley
	Catskills
	Hooded Warbler	not predicted in Catskills
	LA Waterthrush	limited habitat 6,000 ha (5%), only predicted w/in 100 m of hydrologic features
	Cerulean Warbler*	not predicted in Catskills
	Worm-eating Warbler*	not predicted in Catskills
	Appalachian Plateau
	all species
BCR13 Shrub	Appalachian Plateau
	Common Snipe*	limited habitat 37 ha (0.3%)
	American Woodcock	limited habitat 100 ha (0.8%)
	Willow Flycatcher	limited habitat 430 ha (3.7%)
	Great Lakes Plain
	Common Snipe*	limited habitat 124 ha (2%)
	American Woodcock	limited habitat 237 ha (4%)
	Northern Tier
	Blue-winged Warbler	not predicted in St. Lawrence ecoregion
	American Woodcock	limited habitat 200 ha (0.4%)
	Willow Flycatcher	limited habitat 471 ha (1%)
BCR13 Grass	Great Lakes Plain
	Common Snipe*	168 ha (1.5%)
	Appalachian Plateau
	Common Snipe*	no predicted habitat
	Upland Sandpiper*	limited habitat 213 ha (7%)
	Henslow’s Sparrow*	limited habitat 213 ha (7%)
	Northern Tier
	all species

 

 

BCR13 Forest	Appalachian Plateau
	Common Snipe*	80 ha (0.3%)
	Great Lakes Plain
	all species
	Hudson Valley
	Cerulean Warbler*	not in Ashokan/Catskills or Moreau potential IBA sites
	Common Snipe*	limited habitat 187 ha (0.4%)
	Northern Tier
	Baltimore Oriole	not predicted in Adirondacks, sufficient coverage in St. Lawrence and Lake Champlain
BCR14 Forest
	Adirondacks
	Ruffed Grouse	limited habitat 498 ha (0.2%)
	American Woodcock	limited habitat 2568 ha (1%)
	Tug Hill
	Bicknell’s Thrush*	no predicted habitat
	Blackpoll Warbler*	no predicted habitat
	Ruffed Grouse	limited habitat 617 ha (3%)
	American Woodcock	limited habitat 642 ha (3%)
BCR30 Forest	Coastal Lowlands
	all required species
	no bonus species	not predicted on Long Island
	Lower Hudson
	all species
BCR30 Shrub
	Coastal Lowlands
	Brown Thrasher	not predicted in pitch pine habitat, but sufficiently covered in Long Island Pine Barrens IBA
	American Woodcock	limited habitat 1,000 ha (3%),sufficient coverage in other Long Island IBAs

* denotes bonus species (see text).